J.J thomson
J. J. Thomson
This article is about the Nobel laureate and physicist. For the moral philosopher, see Judith Jarvis Thomson.
Sir Joseph John Thomson OM PRS[1] (/ˈtɒmsən/; 18 December 1856 – 30 August 1940) was an English physicist and Nobel laureate in physics, credited with the discovery and identification of the electron; and with the discovery of the first subatomic particle.
Sir J. J. Thomson
OM PRS
Born Joseph John Thomson
18 December 1856
Cheetham Hill, Manchester, England
Died 30 August 1940 (aged 83)
Cambridge, England
Nationality English
Citizenship British
Alma mater Owens College (now the University of Manchester)
Trinity College, Cambridge (BA)
Known for Plum pudding model
Discovery of electron
Discovery of isotopes
Mass spectrometer invention
First m/e measurement
Proposed first waveguide
Thomson scattering
Thomson problem
Coining term 'delta ray'
Coining term 'epsilon radiation'
Thomson (unit)
Children George Paget Thomson.
Awards Smith's Prize (1880)
Royal Medal (1894)
Hughes Medal (1902)
Nobel Prize in Physics (1906)
Elliott Cresson Medal (1910)
Copley Medal (1914)
Albert Medal (1915)
Franklin Medal (1922)
Faraday Medal (1925)
Scientific career
Fields Physics
Institutions Trinity College, Cambridge
Academic advisors John Strutt (Rayleigh)
Edward John Routh
Notable students Charles Glover Barkla
Charles T. R. Wilson
Ernest Rutherford
Francis William Aston
John Townsend
J. Robert Oppenheimer
Owen Richardson
William Henry Bragg
H. Stanley Allen
John Zeleny
Daniel Frost Comstock
Max Born
T. H. Laby
Paul Langevin
Balthasar van der Pol
Geoffrey Ingram Taylor
Niels Bohr
George Paget Thomson
Signature
External video
The Early Life of J.J. Thomson: Computational Chemistry and Gas Discharge Experiments, Profiles in Chemistry, Chemical Heritage Foundation
In 1897, Thomson showed that cathode rays were composed of previously unknown negatively charged particles, which he calculated must have bodies much smaller than atoms and a very large value for their charge-to-mass ratio.[2] Thomson is also credited with finding the first evidence for isotopes of a stable (non-radioactive) element in 1913, as part of his exploration into the composition of canal rays (positive ions). His experiments to determine the nature of positively charged particles, with Francis William Aston, were the first use of mass spectrometry and led to the development of the mass spectrograph.[2]
Thomson was awarded the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the conduction of electricity in gases.[3]
Contents
Education and personal life Edit
Joseph John Thomson was born 18 December 1856 in Cheetham Hill, Manchester, Lancashire, England. His mother, Emma Swindells, came from a local textile family. His father, Joseph James Thomson, ran an antiquarian bookshop founded by a great-grandfather. He had a brother, Frederick Vernon Thomson, who was two years younger than he was.[4] J. J. Thomson was a reserved yet devout Anglican.[5][6][7]
His early education was in small private schools where he demonstrated outstanding talent and interest in science. In 1870 he was admitted to Owens College in Manchester (now University of Manchester) at the unusually young age of 14. His parents planned to enroll him as an apprentice engineer to Sharp-Stewart & Co, a locomotive manufacturer, but these plans were cut short when his father died in 1873.[4]
He moved on to Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1876. In 1880 he obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree in mathematics (Second Wrangler in the Tripos[8] and 2nd Smith's Prize).[9] He applied for and became a Fellow of Trinity College in 1881.[10] Thomson received his Master of Arts degree (with Adams Prize) in 1883.[9]
In 1890, Thomson married Rose Elisabeth Paget, one of his former students,[11] daughter of Sir George Edward Paget, KCB, a physician and then Regius Professor of Physic at Cambridge at the church of St. Mary the Less. They had one son, George Paget Thomson, and one daughter, Joan Paget Thomson.
This article is about the Nobel laureate and physicist. For the moral philosopher, see Judith Jarvis Thomson.
Sir Joseph John Thomson OM PRS[1] (/ˈtɒmsən/; 18 December 1856 – 30 August 1940) was an English physicist and Nobel laureate in physics, credited with the discovery and identification of the electron; and with the discovery of the first subatomic particle.
Sir J. J. Thomson
OM PRS
Born Joseph John Thomson
18 December 1856
Cheetham Hill, Manchester, England
Died 30 August 1940 (aged 83)
Cambridge, England
Nationality English
Citizenship British
Alma mater Owens College (now the University of Manchester)
Trinity College, Cambridge (BA)
Known for Plum pudding model
Discovery of electron
Discovery of isotopes
Mass spectrometer invention
First m/e measurement
Proposed first waveguide
Thomson scattering
Thomson problem
Coining term 'delta ray'
Coining term 'epsilon radiation'
Thomson (unit)
Children George Paget Thomson.
Awards Smith's Prize (1880)
Royal Medal (1894)
Hughes Medal (1902)
Nobel Prize in Physics (1906)
Elliott Cresson Medal (1910)
Copley Medal (1914)
Albert Medal (1915)
Franklin Medal (1922)
Faraday Medal (1925)
Scientific career
Fields Physics
Institutions Trinity College, Cambridge
Academic advisors John Strutt (Rayleigh)
Edward John Routh
Notable students Charles Glover Barkla
Charles T. R. Wilson
Ernest Rutherford
Francis William Aston
John Townsend
J. Robert Oppenheimer
Owen Richardson
William Henry Bragg
H. Stanley Allen
John Zeleny
Daniel Frost Comstock
Max Born
T. H. Laby
Paul Langevin
Balthasar van der Pol
Geoffrey Ingram Taylor
Niels Bohr
George Paget Thomson
Signature
External video
The Early Life of J.J. Thomson: Computational Chemistry and Gas Discharge Experiments, Profiles in Chemistry, Chemical Heritage Foundation
In 1897, Thomson showed that cathode rays were composed of previously unknown negatively charged particles, which he calculated must have bodies much smaller than atoms and a very large value for their charge-to-mass ratio.[2] Thomson is also credited with finding the first evidence for isotopes of a stable (non-radioactive) element in 1913, as part of his exploration into the composition of canal rays (positive ions). His experiments to determine the nature of positively charged particles, with Francis William Aston, were the first use of mass spectrometry and led to the development of the mass spectrograph.[2]
Thomson was awarded the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the conduction of electricity in gases.[3]
Contents
Education and personal life Edit
Joseph John Thomson was born 18 December 1856 in Cheetham Hill, Manchester, Lancashire, England. His mother, Emma Swindells, came from a local textile family. His father, Joseph James Thomson, ran an antiquarian bookshop founded by a great-grandfather. He had a brother, Frederick Vernon Thomson, who was two years younger than he was.[4] J. J. Thomson was a reserved yet devout Anglican.[5][6][7]
His early education was in small private schools where he demonstrated outstanding talent and interest in science. In 1870 he was admitted to Owens College in Manchester (now University of Manchester) at the unusually young age of 14. His parents planned to enroll him as an apprentice engineer to Sharp-Stewart & Co, a locomotive manufacturer, but these plans were cut short when his father died in 1873.[4]
He moved on to Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1876. In 1880 he obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree in mathematics (Second Wrangler in the Tripos[8] and 2nd Smith's Prize).[9] He applied for and became a Fellow of Trinity College in 1881.[10] Thomson received his Master of Arts degree (with Adams Prize) in 1883.[9]
In 1890, Thomson married Rose Elisabeth Paget, one of his former students,[11] daughter of Sir George Edward Paget, KCB, a physician and then Regius Professor of Physic at Cambridge at the church of St. Mary the Less. They had one son, George Paget Thomson, and one daughter, Joan Paget Thomson.
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